· 2 paths to knowledge
o Auctoritas (authority) – what you learn from books
o Experience
o Canterbury Tales, Chaucer – Wife of Bath’s Prologue
· Liberal Arts: (educational standard from antiquity to present)
o Trivium
§ Grammar
§ Logic
§ rhetoric
o Quadrivium
§ Arithmetic
§ Astrology/astronomy
§ Geometry
§ Music
· Scholasticism: (educational standard from late antiquity to high middle ages)
o Professional training for doctors, lawyers, and theologians
o Focus on logic and natural philosophy
o Used dialectical reasoning
o Attempt to reconcile Christian theology with classical philosophy, esp. Aristotle and Plato
o Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, 13th c.
· Renaissance Humanism: (beginning in 14th and 15th c. in Italy)
o Gave birth to / characteristic of the Renaissance
o Humanities: focus on poetry, history, and moral philosophy (ethics)
o Some famous Italian humanists: Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Machiavelli.
o Shakespeare’s Henry V (watched in class)